Understanding America’s Labor Shortage: The Most Impacted States

Alabama

Alabama has 73 available workers for every 100 open jobs.

• 0.73
  Alabama's Worker Shortage Index

• Job Openings: 108,000
• Unemployed Workers: 78,740
• Labor Force Participation Rate: 57.9
• Unemployment Rate: 3.3
• Quit Rate: 2.2
• Hiring Rate: 3.6

Alaska

Alaska has 85 available workers for every 100 open jobs.

• 0.85
  Alaska's Worker Shortage Index

• Job Openings: 20,000
• Unemployed Workers: 17,067
• Labor Force Participation Rate: 65.2
• Unemployment Rate: 4.7
• Quit Rate: 2.7
• Hiring Rate: 5.3

Arizona

Arizona has 90 available workers for every 100 open jobs.

• 0.90
  Arizona's Worker Shortage Index

• Job Openings: 170,000
• Unemployed Workers: 153,827
• Labor Force Participation Rate: 61.5
• Unemployment Rate: 4.1
• Quit Rate: 2.0
• Hiring Rate: 3.6

Arkansas

Arkansas has 69 available workers for every 100 open jobs.

• 0.69
  Arkansas's Worker Shortage Index

• Job Openings: 76,000
• Unemployed Workers: 52,230
• Labor Force Participation Rate: 58.4
• Unemployment Rate: 3.7
• Quit Rate: 2.3
• Hiring Rate: 3.8

California

California has 160 available workers for every 100 open jobs.

• 1.60
  California's Worker Shortage Index

• Job Openings: 659,000
• Unemployed Workers: 1,054,992
• Labor Force Participation Rate: 62.2
• Unemployment Rate: 5.3
• Quit Rate: 2.0
• Hiring Rate: 2.8

Colorado

Colorado has 109 available workers for every 100 open jobs.

• 1.09
  Colorado's Worker Shortage Index

• Job Openings: 145,000
• Unemployed Workers: 158,688
• Labor Force Participation Rate: 67.8
• Unemployment Rate: 4.8
• Quit Rate: 2.1
• Hiring Rate: 4.5

Connecticut

Connecticut has 99 available workers for every 100 open jobs.

• 0.99
  Connecticut's Worker Shortage Index

• Job Openings: 73,000
• Unemployed Workers: 72,232
• Labor Force Participation Rate: 65.0
• Unemployment Rate: 3.7
• Quit Rate: 2.1
• Hiring Rate: 3.1

Delaware

Delaware has 89 available workers for every 100 open jobs.

• 0.89
  Delaware's Worker Shortage Index

• Job Openings: 22,000
• Unemployed Workers: 19,598
• Labor Force Participation Rate: 58.9
• Unemployment Rate: 3.9
• Quit Rate: 2.2
• Hiring Rate: 3.6

District of Columbia

District of Columbia has 90 available workers for every 100 open jobs.

• 0.90
  District of Columbia's Worker Shortage Index

• Job Openings: 27,000
• Unemployed Workers: 24,409
• Labor Force Participation Rate: 72.4
• Unemployment Rate: 5.8
• Quit Rate: 1.8
• Hiring Rate: 2.3

Florida

Florida has 95 available workers for every 100 open jobs.

• 0.95
  Florida's Worker Shortage Index

• Job Openings: 433,000
• Unemployed Workers: 410,460
• Labor Force Participation Rate: 58.0
• Unemployment Rate: 3.7
• Quit Rate: 2.4
• Hiring Rate: 3.5

Georgia

Georgia has 72 available workers for every 100 open jobs.

• 0.72
  Georgia's Worker Shortage Index

• Job Openings: 266,000
• Unemployed Workers: 191,739
• Labor Force Participation Rate: 60.8
• Unemployment Rate: 3.6
• Quit Rate: 2.2
• Hiring Rate: 3.7
• Top Employer Industry: Trade, Transportation, and Utilities

Learn more: Understanding Georgia’s Labor Market

Hawaii

Hawaii has 79 available workers for every 100 open jobs.

• 0.79
  Hawaii's Worker Shortage Index

• Job Openings: 25,000
• Unemployed Workers: 19,655
• Labor Force Participation Rate: 60.5
• Unemployment Rate: 2.9
• Quit Rate: 1.8
• Hiring Rate: 3.2

Idaho

Idaho has 87 available workers for every 100 open jobs.

• 0.87
  Idaho's Worker Shortage Index

• Job Openings: 43,000
• Unemployed Workers: 37,300
• Labor Force Participation Rate: 63.6
• Unemployment Rate: 3.7
• Quit Rate: 2.6
• Hiring Rate: 4.4

Illinois

Illinois has 111 available workers for every 100 open jobs.

• 1.11
  Illinois's Worker Shortage Index

• Job Openings: 291,000
• Unemployed Workers: 321,693
• Labor Force Participation Rate: 64.9
• Unemployment Rate: 4.8
• Quit Rate: 2.4
• Hiring Rate: 3.2

Indiana

Indiana has 88 available workers for every 100 open jobs.

• 0.88
  Indiana's Worker Shortage Index

• Job Openings: 153,000
• Unemployed Workers: 134,329
• Labor Force Participation Rate: 63.7
• Unemployment Rate: 3.9
• Quit Rate: 2.9
• Hiring Rate: 4.6
• Top Employer Industry: Trade, Transportation, and Utilities

Learn more: Understanding Indiana’s Labor Market

Iowa

Iowa has 90 available workers for every 100 open jobs.

• 0.90
  Iowa's Worker Shortage Index

• Job Openings: 67,000
• Unemployed Workers: 60,570
• Labor Force Participation Rate: 67.2
• Unemployment Rate: 3.5
• Quit Rate: 2.6
• Hiring Rate: 3.5

Kansas

Kansas has 82 available workers for every 100 open jobs.

• 0.82
  Kansas's Worker Shortage Index

• Job Openings: 73,000
• Unemployed Workers: 59,664
• Labor Force Participation Rate: 67.1
• Unemployment Rate: 3.8
• Quit Rate: 2.4
• Hiring Rate: 3.4

Kentucky

Kentucky has 108 available workers for every 100 open jobs.

• 1.08
  Kentucky's Worker Shortage Index

• Job Openings: 101,000
• Unemployed Workers: 109,315
• Labor Force Participation Rate: 58.4
• Unemployment Rate: 5.2
• Quit Rate: 2.0
• Hiring Rate: 3.6

Louisiana

Louisiana has 93 available workers for every 100 open jobs.

• 0.93
  Louisiana's Worker Shortage Index

• Job Openings: 98,000
• Unemployed Workers: 91,053
• Labor Force Participation Rate: 57.9
• Unemployment Rate: 4.4
• Quit Rate: 2.3
• Hiring Rate: 3.9

Maine

Maine has 88 available workers for every 100 open jobs.

• 0.88
  Maine's Worker Shortage Index

• Job Openings: 28,000
• Unemployed Workers: 24,509
• Labor Force Participation Rate: 60.1
• Unemployment Rate: 3.5
• Quit Rate: 2.3
• Hiring Rate: 3.6

Maryland

Maryland has 76 available workers for every 100 open jobs.

• 0.76
  Maryland's Worker Shortage Index

• Job Openings: 133,000
• Unemployed Workers: 100,476
• Labor Force Participation Rate: 64.8
• Unemployment Rate: 3.1
• Quit Rate: 2.1
• Hiring Rate: 3.2

Massachusetts

Massachusetts has 122 available workers for every 100 open jobs.

• 1.22
  Massachusetts's Worker Shortage Index

• Job Openings: 148,000
• Unemployed Workers: 180,846
• Labor Force Participation Rate: 66.7
• Unemployment Rate: 4.6
• Quit Rate: 1.8
• Hiring Rate: 3.2

Michigan

Michigan has 124 available workers for every 100 open jobs.

• 1.24
  Michigan's Worker Shortage Index

• Job Openings: 225,000
• Unemployed Workers: 277,879
• Labor Force Participation Rate: 62.0
• Unemployment Rate: 5.5
• Quit Rate: 2.1
• Hiring Rate: 4.5

Minnesota

Minnesota has 53 available workers for every 100 open jobs.

• 0.53
  Minnesota's Worker Shortage Index

• Job Openings: 187,000
• Unemployed Workers: 100,039
• Labor Force Participation Rate: 68.2
• Unemployment Rate: 3.2
• Quit Rate: 2.1
• Hiring Rate: 3.5
• Top Employer Industry: Education and Health Services

Learn more: Understanding Minnesota’s Labor Market

Mississippi

Mississippi has 85 available workers for every 100 open jobs.

• 0.85
  Mississippi's Worker Shortage Index

• Job Openings: 61,000
• Unemployed Workers: 52,084
• Labor Force Participation Rate: 56.2
• Unemployment Rate: 4.0
• Quit Rate: 2.1
• Hiring Rate: 3.5
• Top Employer Industry: Trade, Transportation, and Utilities

Learn more: Understanding Mississippi’s Labor Market

Missouri

Missouri has 86 available workers for every 100 open jobs.

• 0.86
  Missouri's Worker Shortage Index

• Job Openings: 145,000
• Unemployed Workers: 124,132
• Labor Force Participation Rate: 63.4
• Unemployment Rate: 3.9
• Quit Rate: 2.1
• Hiring Rate: 3.1
• Top Employer Industry: Trade, Transportation, and Utilities

Learn more: Understanding Missouri’s Labor Market

Montana

Montana has 54 available workers for every 100 open jobs.

• 0.54
  Montana's Worker Shortage Index

• Job Openings: 29,000
• Unemployed Workers: 15,697
• Labor Force Participation Rate: 62.3
• Unemployment Rate: 2.7
• Quit Rate: 3.0
• Hiring Rate: 4.9

Nebraska

Nebraska has 66 available workers for every 100 open jobs.

• 0.66
  Nebraska's Worker Shortage Index

• Job Openings: 49,000
• Unemployed Workers: 32,249
• Labor Force Participation Rate: 69.3
• Unemployment Rate: 3.0
• Quit Rate: 2.1
• Hiring Rate: 3.6

Nevada

Nevada has 138 available workers for every 100 open jobs.

• 1.38
  Nevada's Worker Shortage Index

• Job Openings: 68,000
• Unemployed Workers: 93,534
• Labor Force Participation Rate: 62.9
• Unemployment Rate: 5.6
• Quit Rate: 2.1
• Hiring Rate: 3.8

New Hampshire

New Hampshire has 83 available workers for every 100 open jobs.

• 0.83
  New Hampshire's Worker Shortage Index

• Job Openings: 29,000
• Unemployed Workers: 24,170
• Labor Force Participation Rate: 65.7
• Unemployment Rate: 3.1
• Quit Rate: 2.0
• Hiring Rate: 3.4
• Top Employer Industry: Trade, Transportation, and Utilities

Learn more: Understanding New Hampshire’s Labor Market

New Jersey

New Jersey has 110 available workers for every 100 open jobs.

• 1.10
  New Jersey's Worker Shortage Index

• Job Openings: 213,000
• Unemployed Workers: 234,394
• Labor Force Participation Rate: 63.9
• Unemployment Rate: 4.8
• Quit Rate: 1.7
• Hiring Rate: 3.5

New Mexico

New Mexico has 96 available workers for every 100 open jobs.

• 0.96
  New Mexico's Worker Shortage Index

• Job Openings: 44,000
• Unemployed Workers: 42,131
• Labor Force Participation Rate: 57.8
• Unemployment Rate: 4.3
• Quit Rate: 2.1
• Hiring Rate: 3.4

New York

New York has 95 available workers for every 100 open jobs.

• 0.95
  New York's Worker Shortage Index

• Job Openings: 430,000
• Unemployed Workers: 410,366
• Labor Force Participation Rate: 61.0
• Unemployment Rate: 4.2
• Quit Rate: 1.5
• Hiring Rate: 2.8

North Carolina

North Carolina has 77 available workers for every 100 open jobs.

• 0.77
  North Carolina's Worker Shortage Index

• Job Openings: 255,000
• Unemployed Workers: 196,360
• Labor Force Participation Rate: 59.6
• Unemployment Rate: 3.7
• Quit Rate: 2.0
• Hiring Rate: 3.0

North Dakota

North Dakota has 46 available workers for every 100 open jobs.

• 0.46
  North Dakota's Worker Shortage Index

• Job Openings: 24,000
• Unemployed Workers: 11,009
• Labor Force Participation Rate: 69.5
• Unemployment Rate: 2.6
• Quit Rate: 2.4
• Hiring Rate: 3.8

Ohio

Ohio has 98 available workers for every 100 open jobs.

• 0.98
  Ohio's Worker Shortage Index

• Job Openings: 296,000
• Unemployed Workers: 291,306
• Labor Force Participation Rate: 62.7
• Unemployment Rate: 4.9
• Quit Rate: 2.2
• Hiring Rate: 3.4

Oklahoma

Oklahoma has 69 available workers for every 100 open jobs.

• 0.69
  Oklahoma's Worker Shortage Index

• Job Openings: 93,000
• Unemployed Workers: 64,249
• Labor Force Participation Rate: 62.6
• Unemployment Rate: 3.2
• Quit Rate: 2.3
• Hiring Rate: 3.6

Oregon

Oregon has 112 available workers for every 100 open jobs.

• 1.12
  Oregon's Worker Shortage Index

• Job Openings: 92,000
• Unemployed Workers: 103,325
• Labor Force Participation Rate: 62.7
• Unemployment Rate: 4.7
• Quit Rate: 2.1
• Hiring Rate: 3.3

Pennsylvania

Pennsylvania has 96 available workers for every 100 open jobs.

• 0.96
  Pennsylvania's Worker Shortage Index

• Job Openings: 265,000
• Unemployed Workers: 255,589
• Labor Force Participation Rate: 61.6
• Unemployment Rate: 3.9
• Quit Rate: 1.5
• Hiring Rate: 2.7

Rhode Island

Rhode Island has 131 available workers for every 100 open jobs.

• 1.31
  Rhode Island's Worker Shortage Index

• Job Openings: 22,000
• Unemployed Workers: 28,829
• Labor Force Participation Rate: 63.8
• Unemployment Rate: 4.9
• Quit Rate: 2.1
• Hiring Rate: 3.5

South Carolina

South Carolina has 91 available workers for every 100 open jobs.

• 0.91
  South Carolina's Worker Shortage Index

• Job Openings: 117,000
• Unemployed Workers: 106,498
• Labor Force Participation Rate: 57.5
• Unemployment Rate: 4.2
• Quit Rate: 2.3
• Hiring Rate: 4.0

South Dakota

South Dakota has 41 available workers for every 100 open jobs.

• 0.41
  South Dakota's Worker Shortage Index

• Job Openings: 22,000
• Unemployed Workers: 9,049
• Labor Force Participation Rate: 68.9
• Unemployment Rate: 1.8
• Quit Rate: 2.8
• Hiring Rate: 3.8

Tennessee

Tennessee has 73 available workers for every 100 open jobs.

• 0.73
  Tennessee's Worker Shortage Index

• Job Openings: 167,000
• Unemployed Workers: 122,290
• Labor Force Participation Rate: 59.7
• Unemployment Rate: 3.5
• Quit Rate: 2.3
• Hiring Rate: 3.7

Texas

Texas has 115 available workers for every 100 open jobs.

• 1.15
  Texas's Worker Shortage Index

• Job Openings: 558,000
• Unemployed Workers: 642,922
• Labor Force Participation Rate: 64.9
• Unemployment Rate: 4.1
• Quit Rate: 2.3
• Hiring Rate: 3.7

Utah

Utah has 76 available workers for every 100 open jobs.

• 0.76
  Utah's Worker Shortage Index

• Job Openings: 76,000
• Unemployed Workers: 57,518
• Labor Force Participation Rate: 68.3
• Unemployment Rate: 3.1
• Quit Rate: 2.2
• Hiring Rate: 3.8
• Top Employer Industry: Trade, Transportation, and Utilities

Learn more: Understanding Utah’s Labor Market

Vermont

Vermont has 73 available workers for every 100 open jobs.

• 0.73
  Vermont's Worker Shortage Index

• Job Openings: 13,000
• Unemployed Workers: 9,426
• Labor Force Participation Rate: 65.1
• Unemployment Rate: 2.7
• Quit Rate: 2.2
• Hiring Rate: 3.8
• Top Employer Industry: Education and Health Services

Learn more: Understanding Vermont’s Labor Market

Virginia

Virginia has 69 available workers for every 100 open jobs.

• 0.69
  Virginia's Worker Shortage Index

• Job Openings: 221,000
• Unemployed Workers: 151,942
• Labor Force Participation Rate: 65.4
• Unemployment Rate: 3.3
• Quit Rate: 2.1
• Hiring Rate: 3.3
• Top Employer Industry: Professional and Business Services

Learn more: Understanding Virginia’s Labor Market

Washington

Washington has 128 available workers for every 100 open jobs.

• 1.28
  Washington's Worker Shortage Index

• Job Openings: 140,000
• Unemployed Workers: 179,187
• Labor Force Participation Rate: 62.7
• Unemployment Rate: 4.4
• Quit Rate: 1.5
• Hiring Rate: 3.0

West Virginia

West Virginia has 84 available workers for every 100 open jobs.

• 0.84
  West Virginia's Worker Shortage Index

• Job Openings: 35,000
• Unemployed Workers: 29,441
• Labor Force Participation Rate: 54.3
• Unemployment Rate: 3.8
• Quit Rate: 2.5
• Hiring Rate: 3.5

Wisconsin

Wisconsin has 71 available workers for every 100 open jobs.

• 0.71
  Wisconsin's Worker Shortage Index

• Job Openings: 146,000
• Unemployed Workers: 103,411
• Labor Force Participation Rate: 65.5
• Unemployment Rate: 3.3
• Quit Rate: 2.1
• Hiring Rate: 3.5

Wyoming

Wyoming has 69 available workers for every 100 open jobs.

• 0.69
  Wyoming's Worker Shortage Index

• Job Openings: 14,000
• Unemployed Workers: 9,714
• Labor Force Participation Rate: 62.5
• Unemployment Rate: 3.3
• Quit Rate: 2.7
• Hiring Rate: 4.7